Turkish Baths in the UK and elsewhere in the World

http://www.victorianturkishbath.org/0NOWOPEN/NowOpenSF.htm

http://www.spa-london.org/ironmonger-row-baths/

http://www.spa-london.org/yorkhall/

http://www.londontown.com/LondonInformation/Shops/The_Porchester_Spa/be03/

http://www.visitharrogate.co.uk/things-to-do/turkish-baths-and-health-spa-p1203291

http://www.pashaspa.co.uk/index.php/product/117-turkish-moroccan-rituals

http://www.turkishbathsharrogate.co.uk/Pages/home.aspx

http://www.pashaspa.co.uk/

http://www.pashaspa.co.uk/index.php/spa-facilities

http://www.yorkshire.com/view/activities/harrogate/turkish-baths-and-health-spa-157019

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_bath

http://www.better.org.uk/leisure/porchester-spa

http://www.aquariussauna.com/

http://www.turkishbathhamam.co.uk/

https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Attraction_Review-g186338-d2076918-Reviews-Pasha_Turkish_Bath_Ottoman_Hammam-London_England.html

http://www.gobanya.co.uk/

http://turkishhammams.com/

https://uk.search.yahoo.com/search?fr=mcafee&type=C011GB0D20131030&p=turkish+baths+istanbul

https://pashaspa.co.uk/

Spas in Budapest, Hungary

Rudas Baths is a thermal and medicinal bath that was first built in 1550
One of the reasons the Romans first colonized the area immediately to the west of the River Danube and established their regional capital at Aquincum (now part of Óbuda, in northern Budapest) is so that they could utilize and enjoy the thermal springs. There are still ruins visible today of the enormous baths that were built during that period. The new baths that were constructed during the Turkish period (1541–1686) served both bathing and medicinal purposes, and some of these are still in use to this day. Budapest gained its reputation as a city of spas in the 1920s, following the first realization of the economic potential of the thermal waters in drawing in visitors. Indeed, in 1934 Budapest was officially ranked as a “City of Spas”. Today, the baths are mostly frequented by the older generation, as, with the exception of the “Magic Bath” and “Cinetrip” water discos, young people tend to prefer the lidos which are open in the summer. Construction of the Király Baths started in 1565, and most of the present-day building dates from the Turkish period, including most notably the fine cupola-topped pool.

The Rudas Baths are centrally placed – in the narrow strip of land between Gellért Hill and the River Danube – and also an outstanding example of architecture dating from the Turkish period. The central feature is an octagonal pool over which light shines from a 10 m diameter cupola, supported by eight pillars.

Széchenyi Thermal Bath.
The Gellért Baths and Hotel were built in 1918, although there had once been Turkish baths on the site, and in the Middle Ages a hospital. In 1927 the Baths were extended to include the wave pool, and the effervescent bath was added in 1934. The well-preserved Art Nouveau interior includes colourful mosaics, marble columns, stained glass windows and statues.

The Lukács Baths are also in Buda and are also Turkish in origin, although they were only revived at the end of the 19th century. This was also when the spa and treatment centre were founded. There is still something of an atmosphere of fin-de-siècle about the place, and all around the inner courtyard there are marble tablets recalling the thanks of patrons who were cured there. Since the 1950s it has been regarded as a centre for intellectuals and artists.

The Széchenyi Baths are one of the largest bathing complexes in all Europe, and the only “old” medicinal baths to be found in the Pest side of the city. The indoor medicinal baths date from 1913 and the outdoor pools from 1927. There is an atmosphere of grandeur about the whole place with the bright, largest pools resembling aspects associated with Roman baths, the smaller bath tubs reminding one of the bathing culture of the Greeks, and the saunas and diving pools borrowed from traditions emanating in northern Europe. The three outdoor pools (one of which is a fun pool) are open all year, including winter. Indoors there are over ten separate pools, and a whole host of medical treatments is also available. The Szécheny Baths are built in modern Renaissance style.

Research Notes and Website Links for Refo500.com

http://www.tua.nl/index.php?paginaID=33

www.refo500.com
14/03/2014 14:45:51

Fellow and Regius Professor of History.
Professor Lyndal Roper, BA (Hons) (Melb.), PhD (London), FBA, FAHA, FRHistS.
mailto:lyndal.roper@oriel.ox.ac.uk

Oriel College
Oxford
OX1 4EW
Tel: 01865 276555
Email: mailto:lodge@oriel.ox.ac.uk

Professor Lyndal Roper (PhD, F RHist S, FAHA, FBA).
I did my undergraduate degree in History with Philosophy at the University of Melbourne, and from there I went to study in Germany at the University of Tubingen before moving to the University of London (King’s College) where I completed my doctorate. I worked at Royal Holloway, University of London and then moved to Balliol College, Oxford, where I was Fellow and Tutor in History. I’m now at Oriel College. I am the first woman to hold the Regius Chair in History, and so far as I know, the first Australian. I’ve worked on the history of witchcraft and am now writing a biography of the German reformer Martin Luther. I am happy to supervise graduate students in the area of early modern German history, the history of witchcraft, gender history, history of the body, sexuality, or indeed any topic within the cultural history of the early modern period.

Martin Luther by Professor Lyndal Roper.
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/Martin_Luther/9781847920041
When on 31 October 1517 an unknown monk nailed a theological pamphlet to the church door in a small German university town, he set in motion a process that ushered in the modern age. His attempts to reform Christianity would split the Western Church, divide Europe and polarise people’s beliefs, leading to religious persecution, social unrest and war; in the long run his ideas would help break the grip of religion on every sphere of life. Yet Luther was a deeply flawed human being: a fervent believer tormented by spiritual doubts; a prolific writer whose translation of the Bible would shape the German language; a married ex-monk who liberated human sexuality from the stigma of sin; a religious fundamentalist, Jew-hater and political reactionary. An acclaimed historian and a brilliant biographer, Lyndal Roper reveals the often contradictory psychological forces that drove Luther forward and the dynamics they unleashed, which turned a small act of protest into a battle against the power of the Church.

History of Witchcraft; Martin Luther and the Reformation.

http://backdoorbroadcasting.net/2014/03/lyndal-roper-martin-luther-aggression-and-masculinity/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndal_Roper
http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/faculty/staff/profile/roper

Dietrich Bonhoeffer
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=dietrich+bonhoeffer+documentary
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/display_product_info.jsp?isbn=9780334053408
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/display_product_info.jsp?isbn=9780281073139
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/display_product_info.jsp?isbn=9781409441052
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/display_product_info.jsp?isbn=9780334051619
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/display_product_info.jsp?isbn=9781619707542
http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/Fools_Martyrs_Traitors/E9780307817464